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Home » Archive » 2013 » Veterinary Session

Veterinary session

Clinical and anatomical aspects of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in dogs
Farkas Flóra - year 4
SzIU, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of Anatomy and Histology
Supervisor: Kálmán Czeibert DVM

Abstract:

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is one of the most common congenital cardiac abnormalities in dogs. The ductus arteriosus is a fetal blood vessel connecting the aorta and the pulmonary trunk. It should normally close in a few hours after birth, gradually transforming into a fibrous ligament (ligamentum arteriosum Botalli) during the first weeks of life. PDA is the disease when it does not happen and blood flow in the ductus is still maintained. This condition produce severe consequences, e.g. left heart failure and pulmonary circulatory congestion which may lead to serious clinical symptoms.

Doppler echocardiography gives at present the best way to verify the existence of the PDA; this can also define the direction of the duct’s blood flow. After having the correct diagnosis one have to choose the most suitable technique as soon as possible, since with the aging and the progrediating cardiovascular changes the prognosis getting more unfavourable and without treatment the patient’s condition is hopeless.

The most widely used surgical method is the standard ligation; however there are some alternatives such as Jackson-Henderson technique or the minimally invasive coil embolization (the latter is currently applied only in America). The greatest risk of these treatments is the intraoperative hemorrhage which could very often lead to fatal consequences. If the surgery was successful and the symptoms of congestive heart failure have not occured at the time of the operation, the prognosis can be quite favourable.

Giving a complete literature overview followed by specifying of the main anatomical and clinical aspects of the PDA, I also illustrate my thesis with drawings and various pictures about the topographical anatomy of the canine heart and its neighbouring structures based upon my dissections. Then I present the frequency distribution of PDA in association with analyzing two Hungarian veterinary clinics’ database.



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