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Home » Archive » 2015 » Veterinary Session

Veterinary session

Enhancement of the protective effect of Pasteurella multocida vaccine by beta-glucans
Somogyi Zoltán - year 5
SzIU, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
Supervisor: Dr. Csikó György

Abstract:

Beta-glucans are natural polysaccharides, which consist of β-(1-3)- and β-(1-6)-linked β-D-glucopyranosyl molecules. Because of their stimulating effects on the immune system they have antimicrobial and anticancer activity in the body.

Pasteurella multocida may cause disease in most poultry species leading to mild and severe infection. The extent of the disease depends on the intended species, the age of the animals and the pathogenicity of bacterial strains. In many cases P. multocida can cause significant economic losses. Vaccination is a possible way to prevent and reduce the production loss, consequently, 70% survival in the vaccinated livestock can be expected. Antibacterial treatment remains necessary after the disease onset, nonetheless the chemotherapy is long, expensive and ineffective in some cases. Furthermore, resistant strains can often be developed, which have impact in public and animal health. According to this, the application of feed supplement can be recommended, that may support immune prophylactic treatment.

In this study we examined the effect of per os applied beta-glucan to the efficiency of vaccination against P. multocida in chickens. Our test compound contained beta-glucan obtained from baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) cell wall.

In our study 50 young broiler chickens were divided into 5 groups according to the dose of beta-glucan: control, pretreated small and high dose as well as pre- and posttreated small and high dose groups (5 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg beta-glucan). The pretreated groups received beta-glucan for 5 days before vaccination, while the pre- and posttreated groups received for 5 days not only before vaccination but also for 5 days after immunization. All animals were immunized with P. multocida vaccine following five days pretreatment. Favourable effect of the beta-glucan to vaccination was determined according to the change in the level of P. multocida antibodies in blood serum.

Regarding to our results application of beta-glucan seems to be improving the efficiency of vaccination. Homogeneous antibody titer against P. multocida emerged in beta-glucan treated groups, comparing to the controls. In all individuals of groups treated with 50 mg/kg beta-glucan and the group received 5 mg/kg beta-glucan for 10 days developed immunity against P. multocida, however negative samples occurred in the control group. Achieving homogeneous immune status in the broiler population support the efficiency of vaccination. Non-satisfactory immunization can lead to outbreak of the disease, because the infection can develop in unprotected chickens and they may infect the sufficiently immunized individuals.



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