TDK conference 2023

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most significant challenges in 21st-century animal and public health. Its global importance is underscored by the close and inseparable connection between these two health domains. The poultry industry, particularly the turkey sector, plays a crucial role as it ranks among the highest consumers of antibiotics, contributing to the spread of resistance.

In our research, we conducted sensitivity testing for a total of 20 different agents using the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination method. We examined strains of Enterococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus spp., and Clostridium perfringens on both a national and regional level, all of which were of commensal origin. Finally, we compared our findings with results from pathogenic strains of animal origin and human strains.

In total, we assessed the sensitivity of approximately 1338 isolates from turkeys, with MIC values determined in 19,908 instances. The results indicated that Enterococcus strains (n=470) exhibited good sensitivity to most antibiotics, although resistance to fluoroquinolones was high (90%). For Escherichia coli (n=470), sensitivity to colistin was at an acceptable level (72%), but significant resistance was observed to other antibiotics. Staphylococcus spp. (n=166) showed an 18% resistance to vancomycin, prompting further investigation to elucidate its genetic basis. In the case of Clostridium perfringens (n=162), we found over 80% sensitivity to all tested β-lactam agents, but a concerning 34% resistance to vancomycin.

Comparing resistance data between animal commensal, clinical pathogenic, and human strains, it can be concluded that strains of animal origin exhibit a similar resistance profile to those from healthy and diseased animals, while human samples generally showed higher sensitivity. These results suggest that bacteria of animal origin may contribute to the spread of AMR in human populations.

Our findings emphasize the dangers of irresponsible antibiotic use in animal farming, especially in the turkey industry. To address and prevent AMR, stricter regulations and more mindful antibiotic use are essential in both animal and public health. Our results underscore the importance of regular surveys and monitoring, which are indispensable in addressing and preventing the AMR issue.