Sessions

Food waste is one of the most serious sustainability challenges of the 21st century, in environmental, economic, and social terms. In the European Union and in Hungary, most food waste is generated in households, and some of it is eventually fed to companion animals. This practice seems promising from a sustainability perspective, but it also carries food safety and animal health risks. Feeding leftovers and raw food can be associated with antimicrobial resistance, nutrient deficiencies, and zoonoses. Dog feeding habits are changing worldwide, with alternative feeding methods such as raw or homemade diets gaining ground alongside commercial feeds.

The aim of this study is to explore the feeding practices of Hungarian dog owners, with a particular focus on feeding human food and raw meat. The study was based on an online questionnaire completed by Hungarian dog owners between November 2024 and March 2025. We processed responses relating to 540 dogs from a total of 409 households. The questionnaire examined the characteristics of the dogs, feeding habits, and the emotional dimensions of the dog-owner relationship. The data were evaluated using descriptive statistical and cross-tabulation analyses.

Based on our findings, the majority of dogs surveyed are fed dry food, but food originally intended for human consumption and raw meat also feature significantly in their diets. Human food is most often given as a treat (44.5%), but nutritional considerations (39.1%) and treating the dog as a family member (25.3%) are also motivating factors. Avoiding food waste was less common (11.9%). 40% of respondents occasionally feed their dogs raw meat, while 60% never do. According to cross-tabulation analyses, older owners and those living in rural areas are significantly more likely to feed their dogs leftovers (p<0.05). The method of keeping dogs also influenced feeding: raw meat is significantly more prevalent in the diet of indoor dogs (p<0.05), which raises important household hygiene issues.

The results of the study highlight that dog owners' feeding decisions are most influenced by the owner's age, place of residence, and keeping conditions. The reported prevalence of overweight dogs in the sample (20.4%) and the inappropriate feeding practices suggest that veterinary advice and nutrition education are of paramount importance. Targeted education and a preventive approach can contribute to healthier and more balanced dog nutrition, while also raising awareness of household food waste management.